Knowledge and experience sharing in agriculture, particularly in vine production, is crucial. The picturesque Samtskhe-Javakheti region, where colorful valleys meet mountains and merge with the blue sky, offers a unique setting. Vineyards in this region are a blend of tradition, culture, and livelihood for local indigenous communities. However, this knowledge is at risk of disappearing and must be delicately transferred from one generation to the next. Despite the challenges, the Regional Environmental Centre for the Caucasus provides tailored training programs to equip farmers with essential skills and knowledge, empowering them for future development while preserving traditions.
The autumn and winter periods are especially critical for vineyards in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region, located in the southern part of Georgia. Known for its diverse climate and mountainous landscapes, the region is renowned for producing high-quality indigenous vine varieties. During the colder months, vineyard activities focus on preparing newly planted seedlings for winter dormancy, treating the soil to improve fertility, and planning for the next growing season. These actions are informed by soil analysis conducted through a cooperation agreement with the Scientific-Research Center of Agriculture (SRCA).
Proper vineyard care, particularly for newly planted vine seedlings, is key to developing a strong root system and healthy plants, ultimately ensuring a high-quality yield. Various topics were covered during the training sessions, including composting techniques to enrich the soil and maintain a healthy vineyard ecosystem. These practices help retain soil moisture during the winter and prepare the vineyard for the upcoming growing season, improving the quality of the wine. Protecting seedlings during harsh winters is also crucial to prevent frost damage. Techniques such as wrapping seedlings and applying advanced insulation methods were shared to help vineyards withstand extreme temperatures. Sharing sustainable agricultural practices and ensuring the proper transfer of knowledge remains a cornerstone of the project.
Supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of Georgia, and the Regional Environmental Centre for the Caucasus (RECC), efforts are underway to restore and distribute endangered Meskhetian vine varieties in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region. By fostering a deeper understanding of vineyard ecology and health, farmers are better equipped to make informed decisions and implement targeted interventions to mitigate risks.
The training sessions were conducted as part of the GEF-supported project “Sustainable Management of Agricultural Biodiversity in Vulnerable Ecosystems and Rural Communities of Samtskhe-Javakheti Region in Georgia” and were led by Besik Kalandadze, an expert from REC Caucasus.
“It’s so important to receive such information when planning a vineyard. Newly planted vine seedlings, in particular, need more care to grow into healthy plants and yield high-quality wines. Despite my age, I am always eager to learn and test new techniques. This year, I wrapped each seedling to protect it from frost,” shared Mr. Jimsher Lekishvili, a farmer from the settlement of Aspindza, Aspindza Municipality.
“We have knowledge that needs reshaping to align with new trends and techniques, especially in sustainable agricultural practices. Such gatherings provide us with valuable information,” noted Ms. Makvala Londaridze, a farmer from the village of Mirashkhani, Aspindza Municipality.
The sessions were interactive, employing a Q&A format that encouraged active participation from the farmers. This approach allowed them to test their knowledge and engage in meaningful discussions, exchanging practical perspectives with one another. By imparting knowledge, fostering collaboration, and promoting sustainable practices, these programs represent a vital investment in the future of agriculture. As we navigate the complexities of a changing climate and globalized economy, empowering farmers through education remains a cornerstone of resilience and adaptation in viticulture.